Both menthol and camphor are terpene compounds with a long history of topical therapeutic use for pain. Menthol has analgesic effects on acute and inflammatory pain by producing a cooling sensation on the skin, while camphor can elicit both warming and cooling sensations.

Menthol and camphor can increase local blood flow to the skin and muscles and can block various pain pathways. ²

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid‐like lipid mediator documented extensively to have anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. PEA has been investigated in pre‐clinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical conditions including osteoarthritis and joint pain, neuropathic pain, post‐operative pain and fibromyalgia. ³

This naturally occurring fatty acid is believed to lubricate joints, soften muscles, and increase flexibility.

CMO works to support a healthy inflammatory response and help ease joint discomfort.

MSM is a popular supplement when it comes to relieving joint discomfort. However, it does much more than that… Cumulative data on this naturally occurring nutritional sulfur suggests that it supports the preservation of healthy cartilage and reduces the misery of uneasy muscles. Some data indicates it may even help to maintain physical function and range of motion. ⁷

White willow extract contains salicin (salicylic acid), the active ingredient in aspirin. Salicin is also known as “Mother Nature's Aspirin.” White willow extract is known as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-reliever). It helps relieve aches, pains, and tension headaches.⁸

For centuries, European herbalists relied on Arnica flowers to help decrease pain and swelling.

Extensive research has been carried out to explore the therapeutic potential of Arnica. In one study, 64% of people rated Arnica gel as “good” or “very good” at relieving joint discomfort in their hands. ⁹

The active ingredient in turmeric is a natural compound called curcumin which has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.4 A double-blind randomized placebo trial conducted on older adults with knee pain associated with osteoarthritis showed that topical curcumin ointment can significantly reduce knee pain.⁵

Castor Oil is a thick, odorless oil made from the seeds of the castor plant. It supports the absorption and smooth and comfortable application of the active ingredients menthol and camphor.

Shea Butter is fat that’s extracted from the nuts of the shea tree. The plant esters of shea butter have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help sore muscles and joint pain. 10 Like castor oil, shea butter supports the absorption and application of menthol and camphor.

“I use Rub On Relief ^® when I’ve had a longer than usual workout, or played basketball. I noticed immediate relief from workout soreness. It helps me continue being active like I want to be.”